issue69:tutoriel_inkscape
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
Les deux révisions précédentesRévision précédenteProchaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
issue69:tutoriel_inkscape [2013/04/20 22:26] – [8] fredphil91 | issue69:tutoriel_inkscape [2013/04/26 10:40] (Version actuelle) – [11] auntiee | ||
---|---|---|---|
Ligne 5: | Ligne 5: | ||
There are three parts of the Inkscape interface that are used for managing layers: the Layer menu, a dedicated Layers dialog, and some quick access tools in the status bar at the bottom of the screen. Let's start with the Layers dialog which can be opened via the Layer > Layers... menu entry, by pressing CTRL-SHIFT-L, | There are three parts of the Inkscape interface that are used for managing layers: the Layer menu, a dedicated Layers dialog, and some quick access tools in the status bar at the bottom of the screen. Let's start with the Layers dialog which can be opened via the Layer > Layers... menu entry, by pressing CTRL-SHIFT-L, | ||
- | Après avoir parlé de l' | + | Après avoir parlé de l' |
- | Il y a trois parties de l' | + | Il y a trois parties de l' |
====== 2 ====== | ====== 2 ====== | ||
Ligne 15: | Ligne 15: | ||
There are several ways to create a new layer, but the most obvious is simply to click the green + button at the bottom of the Layers dialog. You'll be prompted to give the layer a name, and pick a position for it. For now, let's call our new layer “Layer 2” and position it above the current layer.** | There are several ways to create a new layer, but the most obvious is simply to click the green + button at the bottom of the Layers dialog. You'll be prompted to give the layer a name, and pick a position for it. For now, let's call our new layer “Layer 2” and position it above the current layer.** | ||
- | La boîte de dialogue des calques est assez clairsemée, | + | La boîte de dialogue des calques est assez clairsemée, |
- | Il y a plusieurs façons de créer un nouveau calque, mais la plus évidente est de cliquer sur le bouton « + » vert en bas de la boîte de dialogue Calques. Vous serez invité à donner un nom au calque et à sélectionner une position pour lui. Pour l' | + | Il y a plusieurs façons de créer un nouveau calque, mais la plus évidente est de cliquer sur le bouton « + » vert en bas de la boîte de dialogue Calques. Vous serez invité à donner un nom au calque et à sélectionner une position pour celui-ci. Pour l' |
====== 3 ====== | ====== 3 ====== | ||
Ligne 23: | Ligne 23: | ||
**The Layers dialog should appear much as you would expect, with two entries: “Layer 2” is at the top of the list and “Layer 1” is below it. The order of layers in the dialog represents their z-index within the drawing such that layers lower in the list will appear behind layers that are higher in the list. Check that “Layer 2” is selected and draw some more objects, ensuring that they overlap the previous objects from “Layer 1” and are in a suitably contrasting color. You should be able to see that your new objects are always drawn on top of the old objects. Using the arrow icons at the bottom of the Layers dialog, you can re-order your layers, which in turn alters the z-index of the objects in your drawing. You may recall that the contents of groups can't be interleaved, | **The Layers dialog should appear much as you would expect, with two entries: “Layer 2” is at the top of the list and “Layer 1” is below it. The order of layers in the dialog represents their z-index within the drawing such that layers lower in the list will appear behind layers that are higher in the list. Check that “Layer 2” is selected and draw some more objects, ensuring that they overlap the previous objects from “Layer 1” and are in a suitably contrasting color. You should be able to see that your new objects are always drawn on top of the old objects. Using the arrow icons at the bottom of the Layers dialog, you can re-order your layers, which in turn alters the z-index of the objects in your drawing. You may recall that the contents of groups can't be interleaved, | ||
- | La boite de dialogue des calques devrait ressembler à ce que vous attendez, avec deux entrées : « Calque 2 » au sommet de la liste et « Calque 1 » en dessous. L' | + | La boîte |
====== 4 ====== | ====== 4 ====== | ||
Ligne 33: | Ligne 33: | ||
Lorsque vous créez un nouveau calque, vous pouvez utiliser la pop-up Position pour choisir si le nouveau calque doit être au-dessus ou au-dessous du calque actuel. Il y a aussi une troisième option, qui est d'en faire un sous-calque du calque actuel. Les sous-calques apparaissent sous leur calque parent dans la boîte de dialogue, légèrement en retrait. Le parent gagne une petite icône en forme de triangle qui peut être utilisée pour afficher ou masquer la liste des sous-calques. De la même manière que les groupes peuvent être imbriqués à plusieurs niveaux de profondeur, il est possible d' | Lorsque vous créez un nouveau calque, vous pouvez utiliser la pop-up Position pour choisir si le nouveau calque doit être au-dessus ou au-dessous du calque actuel. Il y a aussi une troisième option, qui est d'en faire un sous-calque du calque actuel. Les sous-calques apparaissent sous leur calque parent dans la boîte de dialogue, légèrement en retrait. Le parent gagne une petite icône en forme de triangle qui peut être utilisée pour afficher ou masquer la liste des sous-calques. De la même manière que les groupes peuvent être imbriqués à plusieurs niveaux de profondeur, il est possible d' | ||
- | L' | + | L' |
====== 5 ====== | ====== 5 ====== | ||
Ligne 41: | Ligne 41: | ||
You may recall that the previous instalment suggested grouping the various parts of the snowman together to create a single object that you can easily move around. So which is better, grouping or layers? As is so often the case, the answer is “it depends”. For something like the snowman I would tend to use groups: the ability to move the whole character as one is usually more useful than the ability to easily hide it. For the background of the image – the snow, sky and stars – I would probably use a layer: you're unlikely to move the background much, but you may want to hide it when working on the snowman, or lock it to prevent it accidentally being modified once you're happy with it.** | You may recall that the previous instalment suggested grouping the various parts of the snowman together to create a single object that you can easily move around. So which is better, grouping or layers? As is so often the case, the answer is “it depends”. For something like the snowman I would tend to use groups: the ability to move the whole character as one is usually more useful than the ability to easily hide it. For the background of the image – the snow, sky and stars – I would probably use a layer: you're unlikely to move the background much, but you may want to hide it when working on the snowman, or lock it to prevent it accidentally being modified once you're happy with it.** | ||
- | Le plus grand avantage des sous-calques est que c'est un moyen de cacher rapidement plusieurs parties d'une image en même temps. Pour notre bonhomme de neige des articles précédents, | + | Le plus grand avantage des sous-calques est qu'ils sont un moyen de cacher rapidement plusieurs parties d'une image en même temps. Pour notre bonhomme de neige des articles précédents, |
- | Vous vous souvenez que les articles précédents ont suggéré de regrouper les différentes parties du bonhomme de neige pour créer un objet unique que vous pouvez facilement déplacer. Alors, qu' | + | Vous vous souvenez que l' |
====== 6 ====== | ====== 6 ====== | ||
Ligne 51: | Ligne 51: | ||
Working from the top layer downwards, we first have a Frame layer which is locked. This is a thick black border that sits as the topmost layer in most of my comics and hides the ends of lines that extend outside the main image, meaning that I don't have to be quite so careful when drawing objects near the edge of the scene. Next is the text layer, which holds both the caption for this comic, and the box it sits in. That layer is also locked to prevent me accidentally moving it when editing other parts of the comic.** | Working from the top layer downwards, we first have a Frame layer which is locked. This is a thick black border that sits as the topmost layer in most of my comics and hides the ends of lines that extend outside the main image, meaning that I don't have to be quite so careful when drawing objects near the edge of the scene. Next is the text layer, which holds both the caption for this comic, and the box it sits in. That layer is also locked to prevent me accidentally moving it when editing other parts of the comic.** | ||
- | Regardons un exemple concret (voir ci-dessous). C'est une bande dessinée que j'avais dessinée | + | Regardons un exemple concret (voir ci-dessous). C'est une bande dessinée que j'ai réalisée |
- | En partant du calque d'en haut, nous avons d' | + | En partant du calque d'en haut, nous avons d' |
====== 7 ====== | ====== 7 ====== | ||
Ligne 63: | Ligne 63: | ||
En dessous se trouve le calque de contenu. Dans beaucoup de mes BD, il sert comme un calque normal autonome, contenant tous les personnages principaux et leurs accessoires. Dans ce cas, je voulais pouvoir masquer différentes parties du dessin pendant que je travaillais dessus, de sorte que le calque de contenu est juste un support pour divers sous-calques. À l' | En dessous se trouve le calque de contenu. Dans beaucoup de mes BD, il sert comme un calque normal autonome, contenant tous les personnages principaux et leurs accessoires. Dans ce cas, je voulais pouvoir masquer différentes parties du dessin pendant que je travaillais dessus, de sorte que le calque de contenu est juste un support pour divers sous-calques. À l' | ||
- | Le calque de fond (« Background ») contient tout le reste de ce qui est visible dans la BD, en particulier les murs de l' | + | Le calque de fond (« Background ») contient tout le reste de ce qui est visible dans la BD, en particulier les murs de l' |
====== 8 ====== | ====== 8 ====== | ||
Ligne 71: | Ligne 71: | ||
When drawing a complex image, you may find that you need to move objects between layers. This can't be done from the layers dialog, but is instead handled from the Layer menu or a keyboard shortcut. Select the objects you want to move, and use Layer > Move Selection to Layer Above (SHIFT+PageUp) or Layer > Move Selection to Layer Below (SHIFT+PageDown).** | When drawing a complex image, you may find that you need to move objects between layers. This can't be done from the layers dialog, but is instead handled from the Layer menu or a keyboard shortcut. Select the objects you want to move, and use Layer > Move Selection to Layer Above (SHIFT+PageUp) or Layer > Move Selection to Layer Below (SHIFT+PageDown).** | ||
- | Ces deux derniers calques sont particulièrement intéressants car ils contiennent tous les deux des objets très flous. Les flous sont mis en œuvre en tant que filtres SVG, qui seront traités dans un prochain article, mais à ce stade, il est utile de savoir que les filtres peuvent être mathématiquement intensifs, et peuvent ralentir considérablement la vitesse de rafraîchissement d' | + | Ces deux derniers calques sont particulièrement intéressants car ils contiennent tous les deux des objets très flous. Les flous sont mis en œuvre en tant que filtres SVG, qui seront traités dans un prochain article, mais, à ce stade, il est utile de savoir que les filtres peuvent être mathématiquement intensifs et peuvent ralentir considérablement la vitesse de rafraîchissement d' |
- | Lorsque vous dessinez une image complexe, vous pouvez vous apercevoir que vous avez besoin de déplacer des objets entre les calques. Vous ne pouvez pas faire cela depuis la boîte de dialogue des calques, il faut passer par le menu Calque ou un raccourci clavier. Sélectionnez les objets que vous voulez déplacer et utilisez Calque > Déplacer la sélection au calque supérieur (MAJ + PagePrécédente) ou Calque > Déplacer la sélection au calque inférieur (MAJ + PageSuivante). | + | Lorsque vous dessinez une image complexe, vous aurez éventuellement |
====== 9 ====== | ====== 9 ====== | ||
- | Another option you'll see in the Layer menu is Duplicate Current Layer. This not only duplicates the layer itself, but also all the objects within that layer, including any sub-layers and their contents. Because the duplicated objects appear directly on top of the originals, it's not always obvious that copies have been created, so be a little careful when using this option. You can also duplicate layers directly inside the Layers dialog by using the context menu on the layer name. Although the context menu offers up a “Rename Layer...” option, it's usually easier to just click on a selected layer name which turns it into an editable field. | + | **Another option you'll see in the Layer menu is Duplicate Current Layer. This not only duplicates the layer itself, but also all the objects within that layer, including any sub-layers and their contents. Because the duplicated objects appear directly on top of the originals, it's not always obvious that copies have been created, so be a little careful when using this option. You can also duplicate layers directly inside the Layers dialog by using the context menu on the layer name. Although the context menu offers up a “Rename Layer...” option, it's usually easier to just click on a selected layer name which turns it into an editable field. |
- | One odd omission from the context menu is the option for deleting a layer. This is available via the Layer > Delete Current Layer menu entry, or by the red minus button in the dialog. Be aware that this will delete the layer and everything within it, including sub-layers, without any further prompting. If you do inadvertently delete a layer then all is not lost, as Edit > Undo (CTRL-Z) will restore it. | + | One odd omission from the context menu is the option for deleting a layer. This is available via the Layer > Delete Current Layer menu entry, or by the red minus button in the dialog. Be aware that this will delete the layer and everything within it, including sub-layers, without any further prompting. If you do inadvertently delete a layer then all is not lost, as Edit > Undo (CTRL-Z) will restore it.** |
+ | |||
+ | Une autre option que vous verrez dans le menu Calque est Dupliquer le calque actuel. Cela ne duplique pas que le calque lui-même, mais aussi tous les objets à l' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Étrangement, | ||
====== 10 ====== | ====== 10 ====== | ||
- | Let's finish our tour of the Layers dialog with the controls at the bottom. The Opacity slider works in the same manner as the one in the Fill and Stroke dialog, but applies to all the objects in the selected layer. It's yet another of Inkscape' | + | **Let's finish our tour of the Layers dialog with the controls at the bottom. The Opacity slider works in the same manner as the one in the Fill and Stroke dialog, but applies to all the objects in the selected layer. It's yet another of Inkscape' |
- | The Blend Mode pop-up defines how the selected layer is drawn with respect to the layers below it. Much like the Blur slider in the Fill and Stroke dialog, it's actually a shortcut for adding a filter. The blend modes on offer are Normal, Multiply, Screen, Darken, and Lighten – although there' | + | The Blend Mode pop-up defines how the selected layer is drawn with respect to the layers below it. Much like the Blur slider in the Fill and Stroke dialog, it's actually a shortcut for adding a filter. The blend modes on offer are Normal, Multiply, Screen, Darken, and Lighten – although there' |
+ | |||
+ | Terminons notre tour de la boîte de dialogue des calques avec les commandes du bas. Le curseur Opacité fonctionne de la même manière que celui de la boîte de dialogue Remplissage et contour, mais s' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Le pop-up Mode de fondu définit la façon dont le calque sélectionné est dessiné par rapport aux calques inférieurs. Tout comme le curseur Flou dans le dialogue Remplissage et contour, c'est en fait un raccourci pour ajouter un filtre. Les modes de fondu proposés sont Normal, Produit, Superposition, | ||
====== 11 ====== | ====== 11 ====== | ||
- | There' | + | **There' |
- | The previous instalment introduced this pop-up in the context of managing groups. This is a side-effect of the fact that layers are just groups with a bit of extra metadata. In this case, the name in the button will actually be the internal ID of the group, and you can use the menu to exit a group by switching to a parent group, or straight to a different layer entirely. This can be particularly useful if you're in a deeply nested collection of groups as it provides a mechanism to jump back through several steps at once. | + | The previous instalment introduced this pop-up in the context of managing groups. This is a side-effect of the fact that layers are just groups with a bit of extra metadata. In this case, the name in the button will actually be the internal ID of the group, and you can use the menu to exit a group by switching to a parent group, or straight to a different layer entirely. This can be particularly useful if you're in a deeply nested collection of groups as it provides a mechanism to jump back through several steps at once.** |
+ | |||
+ | Il reste un aspect de la gestion des calques à mentionner : le menu pop-up dans la barre d' | ||
+ | |||
+ | L' | ||
====== 12 ====== | ====== 12 ====== | ||
- | Beware, however, that using the Hide or Lock buttons when you've got a group selected can be dangerous, resulting in hidden groups that you can't easily reveal or locked groups that you can't readily unlock. For this reason I tend to only use the Hide and Lock buttons in the Layers dialog, or at least double-check that I'm not inside a group before using them from the status bar. | + | **Beware, however, that using the Hide or Lock buttons when you've got a group selected can be dangerous, resulting in hidden groups that you can't easily reveal or locked groups that you can't readily unlock. For this reason I tend to only use the Hide and Lock buttons in the Layers dialog, or at least double-check that I'm not inside a group before using them from the status bar. |
Links | Links | ||
The comics used in this tutorial, plus their Inkscape source files, can be downloaded from: | The comics used in this tutorial, plus their Inkscape source files, can be downloaded from: | ||
+ | http:// | ||
+ | |||
+ | Méfiez-vous, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Liens | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les BD utilisées dans ce tutoriel, ainsi que les fichiers sources Inkscape, peuvent être téléchargées à partir de : | ||
http:// | http:// | ||
issue69/tutoriel_inkscape.1366489577.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2013/04/20 22:26 de fredphil91