issue84:installer_ubuntu_sur_un_mac
Différences
Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.
| Prochaine révision | Révision précédente | ||
| issue84:installer_ubuntu_sur_un_mac [2014/05/15 16:51] – créée andre_domenech | issue84:installer_ubuntu_sur_un_mac [2014/09/28 14:58] (Version actuelle) – [5] auntiee | ||
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| The last piece on Ubuntu and the Mac in our favorite magazine seems to be Darkmaster’s “Ubuntu on the Mac Mini”, back in June 2007’s FCM#02. Since there has been some progress both on Apple’s and on Ubuntu’s sides, let’s take a fresh view of the process. | The last piece on Ubuntu and the Mac in our favorite magazine seems to be Darkmaster’s “Ubuntu on the Mac Mini”, back in June 2007’s FCM#02. Since there has been some progress both on Apple’s and on Ubuntu’s sides, let’s take a fresh view of the process. | ||
| Before installing a GNU/Linux on an Apple computer, be it Ubuntu or some other distribution, | Before installing a GNU/Linux on an Apple computer, be it Ubuntu or some other distribution, | ||
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| + | Le dernier article sur Ubuntu et Macintosh dans notre magazine préféré semble être « Ubuntu sur le Mac Mini » par Darkmaster, dans le vieux FCM n° 02 de juin 2007. Depuis, il y a eu quelques progrès à la fois côté Apple et côté Ubuntu ; jetons donc un nouveau regard sur ce processus. | ||
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| + | Avant d' | ||
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| Perhaps the first reply that comes to mind is: “because it is possible to do so.” It does have some technological interest. But we are also combining what is - in my perhaps subjective opinion - one of the best hardware platforms available (Apple’s computers) with one of the best options for software: GNU/Linux in general, and Ubuntu distributions in particular. Is changing from OS-X to Ubuntu really a step forward? After all, Apple’s people are the ones who make the hardware, so, from a logical standpoint, they should also be in the best position to make the software for it. | Perhaps the first reply that comes to mind is: “because it is possible to do so.” It does have some technological interest. But we are also combining what is - in my perhaps subjective opinion - one of the best hardware platforms available (Apple’s computers) with one of the best options for software: GNU/Linux in general, and Ubuntu distributions in particular. Is changing from OS-X to Ubuntu really a step forward? After all, Apple’s people are the ones who make the hardware, so, from a logical standpoint, they should also be in the best position to make the software for it. | ||
| Actually, this is perhaps not quite the case any more. Apple’s computer hardware is nowadays a mix of commodity components built by other manufacturers (that can easily be acquired off the shelf), and some specific parts that are designed and built to Apple’s specifications. These specifics include some – such as “logic boards” in Apple’s parlance (“motherboards” for everybody else) – that definitely help maintain their reputation for quality. However, even the motherboards are built using well-known chipsets that are also used by other manufacturers, | Actually, this is perhaps not quite the case any more. Apple’s computer hardware is nowadays a mix of commodity components built by other manufacturers (that can easily be acquired off the shelf), and some specific parts that are designed and built to Apple’s specifications. These specifics include some – such as “logic boards” in Apple’s parlance (“motherboards” for everybody else) – that definitely help maintain their reputation for quality. However, even the motherboards are built using well-known chipsets that are also used by other manufacturers, | ||
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| + | La première réponse qui viendrait à l' | ||
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| + | En fait, ce n'est peut-être plus tout à fait le cas. Le matériel informatique d' | ||
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| On the other hand, do GNU/Linux and Ubuntu have an advantage over Apple’s OS-X from a software standpoint? I advance that yes, they do - and that the advantage is two-fold. In the first place, FOSS has a wide-open code base that can be audited in full. This may or may not be an important point for the security-conscious, | On the other hand, do GNU/Linux and Ubuntu have an advantage over Apple’s OS-X from a software standpoint? I advance that yes, they do - and that the advantage is two-fold. In the first place, FOSS has a wide-open code base that can be audited in full. This may or may not be an important point for the security-conscious, | ||
| The second advantage is a centralized software repository, that programs can easily be located in and downloaded from. This may seem minor at first glance, but consider: which other operating system allows us to easily install complex applications with a one-line terminal command - or, should we prefer, a choice of (at the very least three or four) different graphical software managers? Bashing Canonical for more-or-less imposing Unity as default desktop has been in vogue for the last couple of years. Their commercial policies may also rub the wrong way. But, on the other hand, they have shown much common sense and rendered the user community a good service in choosing Debian’s apt package management system, and in providing both updated packages and a repository to download them from. | The second advantage is a centralized software repository, that programs can easily be located in and downloaded from. This may seem minor at first glance, but consider: which other operating system allows us to easily install complex applications with a one-line terminal command - or, should we prefer, a choice of (at the very least three or four) different graphical software managers? Bashing Canonical for more-or-less imposing Unity as default desktop has been in vogue for the last couple of years. Their commercial policies may also rub the wrong way. But, on the other hand, they have shown much common sense and rendered the user community a good service in choosing Debian’s apt package management system, and in providing both updated packages and a repository to download them from. | ||
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| + | D' | ||
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| + | Le deuxième avantage est un dépôt centralisé de logiciels, dans lequel les programmes peuvent facilement être trouvés et téléchargés. Cela peut sembler mineur à première vue, mais réfléchissez : quel autre système d' | ||
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| From this point of view, using Ubuntu on an Apple computer does make sense: we immediately and easily access a large repository of up-to-date applications. They are also available in more languages and locales than much of Apple’s offering, though it must be said they too have made progress in recent years. But even today, some languages are not readily available: for example, Euskara (Basque) is still not officially supported by Apple (http:// | From this point of view, using Ubuntu on an Apple computer does make sense: we immediately and easily access a large repository of up-to-date applications. They are also available in more languages and locales than much of Apple’s offering, though it must be said they too have made progress in recent years. But even today, some languages are not readily available: for example, Euskara (Basque) is still not officially supported by Apple (http:// | ||
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| Before beginning, the customary word of warning: we will be modifying extensively the computer’s hard drive. Things can go wrong - not very often, but the possibility exists. | Before beginning, the customary word of warning: we will be modifying extensively the computer’s hard drive. Things can go wrong - not very often, but the possibility exists. | ||
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| + | De ce point de vue, utiliser Ubuntu sur un ordinateur Apple est très logique : nous accédons immédiatement et facilement à un grand dépôt d' | ||
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| + | Pour aller plus loin, utiliser Ubuntu sur du matériel Mac peut aider à maintenir la compatibilité entre Mac et les machines PC qui doivent travailler ensemble dans le même environnement. Les applications seraient les mêmes des deux côtés ; et, si elles ne le sont pas, c'est une simple question d' | ||
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| + | Maintenant que nous avons discuté des raisons pour lesquelles installer Ubuntu sur un Mac, nous allons voir comment le faire réellement. | ||
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| + | Avant de commencer, l' | ||
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| + | ===== 3 ===== | ||
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| If you wish to retain Apple’s OS-X just in case, you may be better off swapping the hard drive and using a second one - that way, you will always be able to come back to your original configuration if needed. Otherwise, make sure you have the OS-X installation DVD handy. In any case, please do make sure you have your user data fully backed up, perhaps even in more than one place. | If you wish to retain Apple’s OS-X just in case, you may be better off swapping the hard drive and using a second one - that way, you will always be able to come back to your original configuration if needed. Otherwise, make sure you have the OS-X installation DVD handy. In any case, please do make sure you have your user data fully backed up, perhaps even in more than one place. | ||
| Running both OS-X and Ubuntu is possible on a Mac, using either Apple’s Bootcamp or the open-source rEFInd boot menu software (http:// | Running both OS-X and Ubuntu is possible on a Mac, using either Apple’s Bootcamp or the open-source rEFInd boot menu software (http:// | ||
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| + | Si vous souhaitez conserver OS-X d' | ||
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| + | Faire tourner les deux, OS-X et Ubuntu, est possible sur un Mac, en utilisant soit Bootcamp d' | ||
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| As you could imagine, the installation process is easy and painless. In the first place, we will need an install CD. For Ubuntu 13.10: | As you could imagine, the installation process is easy and painless. In the first place, we will need an install CD. For Ubuntu 13.10: | ||
| • for the PowerPC architecture (G3, G4 and G5 Macs), server ISO images are available at http:// | • for the PowerPC architecture (G3, G4 and G5 Macs), server ISO images are available at http:// | ||
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| I had an Ubuntu 12.10 CD from the Canonical shop lying around that I could throw at my mid-2007 white Macbook, the test machine. If you prefer using a USB stick you will find clear instructions at http:// | I had an Ubuntu 12.10 CD from the Canonical shop lying around that I could throw at my mid-2007 white Macbook, the test machine. If you prefer using a USB stick you will find clear instructions at http:// | ||
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| + | Comme vous pouvez l' | ||
| + | • pour l' | ||
| + | • pour l' | ||
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| + | Il y a quelques anciens modèles dotés de processeurs Intel qui n'ont que l' | ||
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| + | J' | ||
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| + | ===== 4 ===== | ||
| + | ** | ||
| With the CD inserted and the “C” key pressed, the BIOS reads in the CD and from that point onward the boot process is strictly as usual on Intel machines. If you are using a USB drive, you will need to keep the “Alt” (“Option”) key pressed instead. | With the CD inserted and the “C” key pressed, the BIOS reads in the CD and from that point onward the boot process is strictly as usual on Intel machines. If you are using a USB drive, you will need to keep the “Alt” (“Option”) key pressed instead. | ||
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| to fire up the gparted disk configuration tool. The partition creation tool may be found in the Device menu. | to fire up the gparted disk configuration tool. The partition creation tool may be found in the Device menu. | ||
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| + | Une fois le CD inséré et la touche « C » enfoncée, le BIOS lit le CD et à partir de ce moment, le processus de démarrage est strictement comme d' | ||
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| + | Si vous utilisez le disque dur d' | ||
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| + | sudo gparted | ||
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| + | pour lancer l' | ||
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| From that point onwards, you can start the installer and follow the usual process. The only point that needs attention is to choose the specific Mac keyboard, especially if you are installing on a Mac laptop without an external PC-type keyboard. | From that point onwards, you can start the installer and follow the usual process. The only point that needs attention is to choose the specific Mac keyboard, especially if you are installing on a Mac laptop without an external PC-type keyboard. | ||
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| Several tweaks may be useful to get the best out of the user interface. In the first place, keyboard symbols accessed through the “Alt” (“Option”) key do not work as expected by users of OS-X. This can be configured, through the System Settings > “Keyboard” application. At the bottom of this screen, choose “Options” to get to Keyboard Layout options, where you can choose which key combination activates the “3rd level” interpretation for each key: choose “Any Alt key” to replicate the normal Apple keyboard usage. | Several tweaks may be useful to get the best out of the user interface. In the first place, keyboard symbols accessed through the “Alt” (“Option”) key do not work as expected by users of OS-X. This can be configured, through the System Settings > “Keyboard” application. At the bottom of this screen, choose “Options” to get to Keyboard Layout options, where you can choose which key combination activates the “3rd level” interpretation for each key: choose “Any Alt key” to replicate the normal Apple keyboard usage. | ||
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| + | Partant de là, vous pouvez lancer l' | ||
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| + | Une fois que l' | ||
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| + | Plusieurs réglages peuvent être utiles pour tirer le meilleur parti de l' | ||
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| + | ===== 5 ===== | ||
| + | ** | ||
| If you are using a laptop, the touchpad may, by default, not accept touchpad taps for mouse clicks, and may also use touchpad side scrolling as on many PCs. This needs some additional configuration to work in the same way as under OS-X. While in System settings, you can go to the “Mouse and Touchpad” application, | If you are using a laptop, the touchpad may, by default, not accept touchpad taps for mouse clicks, and may also use touchpad side scrolling as on many PCs. This needs some additional configuration to work in the same way as under OS-X. While in System settings, you can go to the “Mouse and Touchpad” application, | ||
| Going with other variants of Ubuntu or simply installing other desktop managers is naturally also an option for those so inclined. On older computers, as always, Lubuntu or Xubuntu may come in handy to reduce desktop effects and speed up your workflow. On the other hand, Apple’s hardware is known for using middle to higher-end graphics cards - compared to other offerings of the same age - so installing Kubuntu with all the desktop effects activated is quite feasible. In such a case, however, you may be well advised to swap the existing hard drive for a newer model, an SSD if at all possible. The difference in drive access times will make for a noticeably more fluid interface. | Going with other variants of Ubuntu or simply installing other desktop managers is naturally also an option for those so inclined. On older computers, as always, Lubuntu or Xubuntu may come in handy to reduce desktop effects and speed up your workflow. On the other hand, Apple’s hardware is known for using middle to higher-end graphics cards - compared to other offerings of the same age - so installing Kubuntu with all the desktop effects activated is quite feasible. In such a case, however, you may be well advised to swap the existing hard drive for a newer model, an SSD if at all possible. The difference in drive access times will make for a noticeably more fluid interface. | ||
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| + | Si vous utilisez un ordinateur portable, le pavé tactile peut, par défaut, ne pas accepter les tapotements pour les clics de souris, et peut également mettre en œuvre l' | ||
| + | Avoir d' | ||
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| If at any point you need help, there are several interesting articles on the Ubuntu wiki (http:// | If at any point you need help, there are several interesting articles on the Ubuntu wiki (http:// | ||
| As we have seen, putting Ubuntu (or variant) on a Mac is a simple proposition nowadays. If you have a spare machine lying around, perhaps one that is no longer supported by recent versions of OS-X, why not give it a try? | As we have seen, putting Ubuntu (or variant) on a Mac is a simple proposition nowadays. If you have a spare machine lying around, perhaps one that is no longer supported by recent versions of OS-X, why not give it a try? | ||
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| + | Si à un moment quelconque vous avez besoin d' | ||
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| + | Comme nous l' | ||
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issue84/installer_ubuntu_sur_un_mac.1400165461.txt.gz · Dernière modification : 2014/05/15 16:51 de andre_domenech